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Hybrid search

Hybrid search combines semantic vector similarity with traditional keyword search, then merges the two result sets, so that a retrieval system handles both conceptual questions and exact terms like product codes or error strings.

Pure vector search is weak precisely where exactness matters — part numbers, function names, proper nouns. Hybrid retrieval with a re-ranking pass over the merged candidates is usually the single largest quality improvement available to a struggling RAG system, and it is measurable on a golden set.

Related terms

  • RAG (retrieval-augmented generation)

    Retrieval-augmented generation is a technique where relevant documents are fetched from an external store and inserted into a language model’s prompt, so the model answers from that specific source material rather than from its training data alone.

  • Vector database

    A vector database stores text as numerical embeddings and retrieves entries by semantic similarity rather than keyword match, forming the retrieval layer of most RAG systems.

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